Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Dido As A Victim Of The Gods - 1304 Words

Despite how most reader may view her, Dido is considered to be a victim of the gods, which ultimately lead her to her own death. When introduced in book 1 of Virgil’s tale Aeneid, told to Aeneas by his mother Venus (disguised as a huntress), Dido is revealed as a dignified queen, beautiful, wealthy and respected by the people of Carthage. At the same time, she is resolute in her determination not to marry again. As told by Venus, â€Å"Her husband was Sychaeus, of all Phoenicians richest in land, and greatly loved by her,† (Book I, lines 468-469). Although her husband was the richest of all Tyre, her brother Pygmalion, King of Tyre, was obsessed with greed and his money, he decides to kill him and manages to keep this act from Dido till she had a dream with her husband in it. â€Å"He urged her then to make haste and take flight, leaving her fatherland, and to assist the journey revealed a buried treasure of all time, unknown to any, a weight of gold and silver† (Lines 487-490). Dido manages to preserve the memory of her dead husband, Sychaeus, whose murder causes her to flee her home city of Tyre. Fortunately, she maintains her focus on her responsibilities. She gathers people from Tyre and sails to a land with â€Å"stone walls going higher and the citadel of Carthage, the new town† (Lines 500-501), at which the city begins its construction and she becomes the queen. When she meets Aenea’s, she offers him and his Trojan crew asylum in Carthage after escaping Troy from the Trojan HorseShow MoreRelatedThe Aeneid : The Struggle Of Establishing An Empire1136 Words   |  5 Pageslove affair with Dido, the queen of Carthage. Since Aeneas is distracted by this activity, he catches himself off guard when the gods intervene to direct him back on track toward his fate. Then Aeneas was truly overwhelmed by the vision, stunned, his hackles bristle with fear, his voice chokes in his throat once he is suddenly issued this urgent message. This detail perfectly describes Aeneas situation of being frozen in place and unable to make any progress on his fate. The gods reminder comesRead MoreThe Aeneid And The Pax Romana1580 Words   |  7 Pagesfathers of the great Roman Empire. This is voyage is lead extremely by Aeneas fate in the gods and the notable characteristics of Aeneas which is piety and obedience to the will of the gods. The fate of Aeneas i s tested throughout his voyage to the city of Rome; he encounters numerous strife’s which includes the death of his father Anchises; the constant obstacles posed by Juno and his new found love, Dido, the queen of Carthage. The women in Virgils Aeneid are depicted as very emotionalRead MoreThe Aeneid, The Hero Aeneas Essay1731 Words   |  7 Pageschallenges. To overcome these challenges, Aeneas seeks help from the gods as he tries to make his way back home. In Homer’s â€Å"The Odyssey†, the hero Odysseus spends ten years trying to return to his homeland, Ithaca. Both heroes face similar challenges that they need to overcome in order to accomplish their goals. The Odyssey has two characters that hinder the hero’s journey; Calypso and Circe. The Aeneid has the character Dido who delays Aeneas’ journey. This essay will compare both stories, showingRead MoreEssay on Fate of the Passionate in Virgils Aeneid1176 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluential epics to ever grace the merciless limitations of manuscript, inspiring, in pop culture as well as literature, an onslaught of themes, mythology, values, and the general sense of what a hero must be-or do- in order to overcome t he obstacles of the gods and man. Written somewhere between 29 and 19 BC, consisting of twelve books (although never completely finished), The Aeneid takes us through the turbulent journeys and prophesied triumphs of Aeneas, a warrior and man bound by piety and destiny. LikeRead MoreChoices - The Aeneid essay1832 Words   |  8 Pageschoices result in actions that ultimately determine fate. Being passive means to not make your own choices; no effort is made to change what is presumed to happen. Often times in ancient epic poems multiple Gods have agendas that affect humans. In the Aeneid by Virgil, Dido is portrayed as a victim of destiny, but is not passive: she makes deliberate, thought out choices in her relationship with Aeneas such as when pursuing him as a husband and when plotting her death that clearly mark her as an activeRead MoreLove In Virgils Aeneid1299 Words   |  6 PagesAeneas can guarantee the expansion of his lineage is through dutifully following his fate an d the will of the gods, as this fate ensures Ascanius will have the ability to reproduce. Aeneas must leave behind Carthage, and its Queen, Dido, a woman who is deeply in love with him, if he truly desires immortality. It’s clear that Aeneas wholly desires this immortality through his decision to leave Dido. Although Aeneas hates to hurt her, Dido’s love for him holds no bearing over the preservation of his sonRead MoreThe As An Archetypal Empire Essay1760 Words   |  8 Pagesof order. In ancient Rome, the ideal citizen was considered to be someone who placed the needs of the people above his or her own individual wants. Furthermore, citizens were expected to be duty-bound and faithful to both their community and their gods. Virgil, a Roman author, believed in the importance of denying oneself personal happiness in order to benefit the people as a whole. In his Roman epic, The Aeneid, the importance of sacrificing personal wants and desires in order to pursue goals t hatRead MoreEros : Female Souls Thriving And Crumbling1735 Words   |  7 Pagesbelieve.† However, this is not always the case. Under the influence of love, what one sees will be highly deceptive, as it is human nature that one will prefer individuals with charming faces or distinguished reputations and thus more easily fall victim to his/her biased judgment. As illustrated by the misery of Echo in Ovid’s Metamorphoses, her love for Narcissus is based so much on his outstanding appearance that she even overlooks his intrinsic personality and quality. â€Å"†¦Echo happened by, andRead More Dido and Camilla - Leaders Blinded by their Passions in the Aeneid3340 Words   |  14 PagesDido and Camilla - Leaders Blinded by their Passions in the Aeneid      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Book I of Virgils Aeneid, Aeneas observes a depiction of the female warrior, Penthesilea, on the walls of Didos temple. As Aeneas is looking at this portrait, Dido enters the temple. Later in Book XI, as Camilla walks through the carnage of battle, she is likened to an image of Penthesilea returning home victorious. Virgil presents many such similarities in his portrayals of Dido and CamillaRead More Essay on Fate and Human Responsibility in the Aeneid2525 Words   |  11 Pagespraises Jupiter as one who: command[s] and govern[s] the events of gods and men . . . (1:321-21). Furthermore, Phoebus tells Aeneas that the king of gods allot the fates, revolving every happening . . . (3:484-87).   So whenever Aeneas wins a battle, whenever Aeneas needs help, whenever Aeneas catches a cold, Jupiter has control.   And though not all events are fated (e.g. Didos suicide), most events are under the control of the gods .   Aeneas even admits that he doesnt have a free will (4:491-92)

Monday, December 23, 2019

Future of Modernization - 1232 Words

Future of Modernization William Watkins SOC / 120 January 22, 2012 Brenda Miller As we begin to ponder the future of modernization, and the possible consequences that are apt to occur, perhaps we should first revisit the definition of modernization. To this end we can start by saying that modernization is thought of as a concept that states that the development of societies can be considered as a standard evolutionary pattern that has a tendency to stimulate growth. It can also be considered as the concept that refers to the process where society goes through several stages, including industrialization, urbanization, and various other social changes, that tend to completely transform the lives of individuals. One must first†¦show more content†¦There are many undeveloped locations around the world that are becoming ripe for modernization and it is inevitable that they will experience modernization. Even world powers such as China are experiencing the pains, and benefits, of modernization. The modernization of the United States, England , and many other countries can be used as examples to further modernization in other parts of the world, and perhaps some of the growing pains experienced here can be avoided while the benefits of modernization can be enjoyed by those entering the process. While modernization has often been blamed for the loss of many traditions, it is undeniable that the resulting technology has been responsible for the elimination of many of the repetitive back-breaking tasks and has increased productivity many fold. Modernization has increased efficiency and substantially lowered the price per piece for manufacturing. This has come with a price, however, because the industrialization and modernization has also resulted in increased pollution and exploitation of many of our natural resources. The modernization that has increased productivity has also meant that there is an increase in consumption of raw materials, which has resulted in more mining efforts and increased pollution due to the man ufacturing processes as wellShow MoreRelatedFuture of Modernization1108 Words   |  5 Pagespeople forward by building on foundations of traditions. When traditions are lost, modernization sets in. Modernization is when technology blends with culture and they exist together in a contemporary time period. The main issue with modernization is that it is a continuing cycle of innovations and change that never cease and force the loss of traditions. There are four key concepts which help explain how modernization manifests; first, the decline of small, traditional communities, second, the increaseRead MoreFuture of Modernization710 Words   |  3 PagesFuture of Modernization SOC/120 May 4, 2013 University of Phoenix Future of Modernization Modernization in the United States has four traits which were identified by Peter Berger in 1977. The first trait was the decline of small, isolated communities. Approximately one hundred years ago there were 40% of Americans living in cities. Today, 80% of the population lives in cities. The next trait is the expansion of personal choice. Most people choose their lifestyles instead of allowingRead MoreModernization Theory And Its Impact On The Future Of Turkey s Democratic Institutions964 Words   |  4 Pagesestablishes a functioning society, whose members knows the law and must comply. Those who choose not comply with the law know that the judicial branch will remedy the injustice in society. The future of the judicial branch has a monumental impact on the future of Turkey’s democratic institutions. Turkey’s future remains ambiguous. On an economic perspective, Turkey is booming. It is quickly launching itself into globalism. A growing economy â€Å"during the first six months of 2011 Turkey even vied withRead MoreThe United States Proliferation Treaty ( Npt )1173 Words   |  5 Pagesthe treaty to fit changing standards. In 2015, the major concern is the modernization of nuclear weapons. Defined as the life extension of current nuclear weapons, every nuclear armed state is spending billions on this act of supposed â€Å"disarmament† Some would argue that this trend should be included in our treaty and that the United Nations should encourage nuclear-armed countries to pursue this trend. In reality, modernization presents a threat to the process of disarmament and we must take measuresRead MoreModernization Of The Chinese Government And Democracy Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesModernization of the Chinese Government and Democracy In the past 35 years, China has experienced significant transformation and modernization of its democracy and governance. This modernization process was brought by the death of Mao Zedong, the founding father of the People’s Republic of China and the Chairman of the country’s Communist Party since 1943. Prior to his death, Chairman Mao had started a Cultural Revolution in 1966 in attempts to revive socialism in the country and eliminate capitalisticRead MoreModernization and Dependency Theory1563 Words   |  7 PagesModernization and Dependency theory Nowadays the rapid development of the word and the growing integration of countries can hardly fail to affect the development of new theories which attempt to explain the relationship between countries and the existing inequality between developed countries and countries of the third world. In this respect, it is possible to refer to Modernization theory and Dependency theory which, being quite different, still have certain similaritiesRead MoreModernization And Development Towards Democracy1544 Words   |  7 PagesThis research paper uncovers the study of modernization and how it correlates to political development towards democracy. First, it examines the development and origins of the modernization theory that encompass a number of explanations that connect economic, social and cultural changes with shifts in political systems. Modernization puts forth the idea that economic development will lead to cultural and social changes that transform the politica l behavior of a country’s citizens that can ultimatelyRead MoreModernization Theory Of The Post War Years1324 Words   |  6 Pagesfears about Cold War tensions and the threat of communism, the domestic post-war environment contributed to the emergence of the predominant American sociological and economic theory of the post-war years: modernization theory. Though many new theories have emerged since the development of modernization theory, of which Walt Whitman Rostow was one of the leading figures, and it has seen fluctuations in its popularity, it has remained a part of the discourse on development to this day. Over the years,Read MoreAmerican Political Scientist Samuel Huntington1401 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican political scientist Samuel Huntington once pointed out that although modernity breeds stability it is modernization that breeds instability. Many of the world’s greatest economists forecast that China will overtake the United States as the world’s economic powerhouse in the near future. However, that will largely depend on how well the Chinese government can control its modernization both politically and economically. China’s rapid ascension through its distorted economic reforms has underminedRead MoreCultural Impacts Of Tourism Development936 Words   |  4 Pagesthoughts may be true in some instances, it is however misleading to hold these notions regarding the changes in the social and cultural aspects of a society. Whereas socio-cultural changes may in part be due to tourism, it can also be due to other modernization and global factors such as international trade relations, military actions, migration etc (Sharpley R. and Telfer D., 2002). Concerning tourism development, the socio-cultural changes which occur in the community are more often than not seen as

Saturday, December 14, 2019

African American Studies Free Essays

string(131) " The Story of the Introduction of the Press and of Its History and Influence during the Pioneer Period in Each State of the Union\." American Literature has come a long way. It dates back as far as the pre-colonization-period America which is contrary to the current belief of almost everyone that English has always been the language in America. Although it was noted that â€Å"some fifty years after the political establishment of the United States, the concept of an American literature barely existed† (Delbanco), American literature did exist and is still existing. We will write a custom essay sample on African American Studies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Literature as a communication involving some degree of emotional or aesthetic response is both an independent discipline and one of the tools of anthropology. The latter is a description and explanation of social behavior in every possible environment-from the primitive to the sophisticated-in every part of the world. (Dennis and Aycock 41) In this regard, looking at how literature emerged and how it evolved, identifies the kind of society and the kind of people living in a certain era. II. Evolution Era The discovery and/or development of a certain type of literature did not just happen in a flash. American Literature, the different types of it, sprouted in a seasoned manner. This means that there would not be political writings, or none of them would be popular, if there were no political issues looming around the corner. It is quite amusing to know that American writing (in English) started not as a seriously intended literary piece but as a work â€Å"chiefly for the benefit of readers in the mother country. † (â€Å"American Literature†). These were the English travelers and explorers who became Americans during those olden times, circa 1583 to 1763. Following is the timeline of the American Literature (Trent): 1. English Travelers and Explorers, 1583-1763 – retaining their own language as they travelled to America and became Americans while chiefly influencing the literature with this language: the heritage of the English race; 2. The Historians, 1607-1783 – this was the period of gentlemen adventurers writing about America’s colonies; 3. The Puritan Divines, 1620-1720 – again, Englishmen who gave their intellects to a strict scheme of doctrinaire theology, and gave up their freedom to the letter of the Hebraic Scriptures; 4. Edwards – was a special time when he, Edwards, inscribed a sequence of reflections, foundation to a great metaphysical discourse of his own; 5. Philosophers and Divines, 1720-1789 -a traditional categorization of the human ability giving reason for the American thought in the eighteenth century, which is believed to have led to the overthrow of high Calvinism: those who went after the intelligence were the rationalists, or deists; those who went after receptivity or sensibility were the â€Å"hot† men, or enthusiasts while those who went after the will were the moral or ethical reformers. 6. Colonial Newspapers and Magazines, 1704-1775 – the knowledge of and about Europe had erupted so commonly through colonial newspapers; 7. American Political Writing, 1760-1789 — this was the period of â€Å"storm and stress†, of â€Å"revolution and evolution†, bringing forth a literature dominated by politically-themed content. Most of the topics involved â€Å"the nature of the British constitution, the formulation of colonial rights, and the elaboration of schemes of government and administration†; 8. The Beginnings of Verse, 1610-1808- the beginning covered early colonial verse starting in 1610 while in 1700 it began with transition in purpose, subject, and style and later on during, the beginnings of nationalism that is related to the passage of the Stamp Act in 1765 ending with the publication of Bryant’s Embargo in 1808. 9. Travellers and Observers, 1763-1846- this was the literature of travels, brand new, wide-ranging, and sophisticated, taking its magic from the sense of wonder; 10. The Early Drama, 1756-1860 –The American native drama, even though it antedated the novel and the short story, has arrived only during the latter half of the eighteenth century having Androborus in 1714, which was noted to be a satirical embarrassment. 11. Early Essayists-during this period the first essays that were in print in colonial newspapers were written with a cognizant ethical purpose. 12. The time of Washington Irving (April 3, 1783 – November 28, 1859)-a well-known American author, essayist, biographer and historian of the early 19th century who authored â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† and â€Å"Rip Van Winkle†; 13. The time of Bryant – an American who has the gift of poetic genius, and writing verses that last; 14. Fiction/Novels-the moment for literary lies;† that they served no virtuous purpose; that they melted rigorous minds; that they crowded out better books; that they painted adventure too romantic and love too vehement, and so unfitted†¦Ã¢â‚¬  III. The Role of Printing Press Taking into consideration the lack of other means of publication those days, early American literature succeeded with the big help of the printing press. Some Americans even had an undying zeal for literary outputs that they were â€Å"stimulated by a desire to render Washington City as well the seat of literature as of government, a number of gentlemen have formed themselves into a ‘ Printing and Bookselling Company† (McMurtrie 266). It may appear funny but it is true. IV. Current Scenario Conclusion â€Å"Who in the four corners of the globe reads an American book? † (Edinburgh Review, cited Delbanco) Contrary to this insult, there are still the likes of Twain that many people all over the world know and many hunger for their literary pieces. Another noted American literary figure is Toni Morrison, a Nobel Prize awardee for literature. She is noted to be â€Å"a public intellectual, she’s influenced how we think about race and storytelling †¦ how we use language, what we do with language, how we keep language alive and well. â€Å"(â€Å"Toni Morrison Society Honors† 15). Thus, American Literature, no matter how it is being viewed, is sure to be existent, alive and persisting. Works Cited â€Å"American Literature. † The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2009. Questia. Web. 19 July 2010. Delbanco, Andrew. â€Å"American Literature: A Vanishing Subject?. † Daedalus 135. 2 (2006): 22+. Questia. Web. 19 July 2010. Dennis, Philip A. , and Wendell Aycock, eds. Literature and Anthropology. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University Press, 1989. Questia. Web. 19 July 2010. McMurtrie, Douglas C. A History of Printing in the United States: The Story of the Introduction of the Press and of Its History and Influence during the Pioneer Period in Each State of the Union. You read "African American Studies" in category "Papers" Vol. 2. New York: R. R. Bowker, 1936. Questia. Web. 19 July 2010. â€Å"Toni Morrison Society Honors Nobel Laureate with 70th Birthday Tribute. † Black Issues in Higher Education 29 Mar. 2001: 15. Questia. Web. 19 July 2010. Trent, William Peterfield, John Erskine, Stuart P. Sherman, and Carl Van Doren, eds. The Cambridge History of American Literature. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1917. Questia. Web. 19 July 2010. According to Langston life can be equated to a staircase. This can be interpreted to mean that life is not a pain-free experience where people get to walk through with ease. On the contrary, it is a roller-coaster with ups and downs, a long and hard journey which should be viewed as such. Many people in the world have gone through untold suffering and despair and know exactly what a hard life is but none has seen it quite as much as Angel, at least none that I have so far met. Now Angel is not the regular teenager whom you would expect to be fretting about boys, hairstyles, which parties to attend or what to wear. Angel has been to hell and back and such issues would seem petty if you were fortunate enough to meet her. Yes, I say fortunate to meet her because most of us trudge through life trifling about very unimportant things which do not matter at all while people go through real problems. Angel is an embodiment of resilience and has proved it by living the life she has and come out triumphant. I met Angel last year while on a volunteer program at a shelter in Chicago, Illinois whose identity will remain undisclosed at the request of those involved. Angel was born 17 years ago to a single mother who was barely a teenager herself. Her father had gone to jail or so she was told whenever she asked. Her mother eked a living by working three jobs to support Angel and her three siblings; two sisters and a mentally challenged brother. The first few years were bliss but she later found out that her mother was shielding her from most of the suffering. By the time she was ten, her mother had been ravaged by the pressure of her jobs and was diagnosed with ovarian cancer. To worsen matters she started doing drugs among other vices. A devout Christian had given up and Angel and her siblings started witnessing visits from strange men who apparently were her mother’s boyfriends. There was a particular man who was a frequent guest and stayed longer. He was the meanest. He would beat up her mom, regardless of her condition. Then he would turn on Angel and the other kids. Whenever she tried to protect them she would get bruises and broken bones. Her jaw was broken thrice in a span of less than a year and there was nothing she could do about it. As if this was not enough, the man would sneak into her bed every night after her mother had passed out and force himself on her. Angel was forced to leave school and take care of her brother and sister. When she thought things could not get any worse, her mother disappeared for days on end. Her lifeless body was found in a dark alley, stripped naked; apparently it was a drug overdose. Then hell broke loose. Angel was left with two kids to take care of at the tender age of twelve. They moved from street to street and foster to foster since no relative would take them in. The things she did to ensure her siblings would live a semblance of a life were too much for a twelve year old. She faces each day at a time. Every morning she wakes up and looks to the sky and asks why her life had to be so rough, so early. Robbed of her childhood and innocence she can only hope for the best and thank the church that runs the shelter. Perhaps she will never know the answers to the several questions she has but you can’t help but admire her courage and hope that someday she will become someone. The system will be forced to eject her once she gets to 18 but she would rather not worry about that now, hope for a better future is all that keeps her going. Essay 2- Original Folk Tale. Since time immemorial, the art of story telling has been used as a source of entertainment and a way of transmitting knowledge and wisdom to the younger generations. Perhaps there is nothing that is as universal as human beings and their ability to stretch their imagination to create stories with so much meaning and entertaining. Folk tales were laden with a group’s culture, tradition and beliefs that were passed on for posterity. From the Americas to Asia and the African continent millions of folk tales abound and though the culture of story telling is fading, most of these tales have been documented for posterity and perhaps someday they will get the attention they deserve. Once upon a time, the little red hen wanted to make bread and so she picked up some wheat grain and headed out. On her way to the farm she met the pig and asked whether she could help plant the wheat. The pig refused to offer any help and so the little red hen decided to plant the wheat by herself and it grew. One day on her way to pick some wheat she met the pig who was rolling in the mud. Once again she asked for her help in picking the wheat to which she refused again. Nobody in the animal kingdom was willing to help. (Williams, 2009) When the little red hen went to the mill to get flour from her wheat she asked the dog whether he could help and he too refused adamantly. Very tired and weary, the hen climbed the hill and had her wheat ground. On her way back she met the cat and asked her to help her carry the flour to which the cat replied that she was too busy and therefore could not help. When she got home, the little red hen asked the cat and the duck to help her make bread. Both lazy animals refused to help her make the bread. The little red hen had no choice but to bake the bread herself which she did. When the bread was ready, all the animals wanted a piece of it but the hen had it all by herself. (Williams,2009) The story of the little red hen is a very popular folk tale that extols the virtues of hard work and personal initiative. The moral of the story ultimately boils down to the fact that those people who have no intention of contributing to the production of a beneficial product should not expect to benefit from it. This folk tale also emphasizes the biblical teaching that he who does not work should not eat. ESSAY 3- Frederick Douglass. Frederick Douglass was blessed with many feathers in his hat including being a statesman, orator and author but he is best known for his profound contributions to civil and women liberties for which he fought for all his life. Born in 1881 near Maryland, Douglass was a firm advocate for the equal treatment of all people regardless of gender, color and whether they were Native American or immigrants. Douglass’ turning point as a slave came in the from of fighting back against Edward Covey, a Maryland farmer and renown slave breaker. Douglass’ perceived lack of respect had caused his former master Thomas Auld to send him to Covey perhaps in the hope that Covey would be able to break him. After several months of generous labor and repeated beatings, Douglass snapped one day and fought back. Covey was taken aback by the 16 year olds reaction, unnerved he was forced to back down. This action reenergized the young lad and a confidence grew in him that he should live free. From then on he knew that he had to disentangle himself from the bondage of slavery and free his fellow slaves. (Blassingame, 1979) Being an American of Haitian origin is in itself a challenge. My grandparents migrated to the US several years ago with the hope of making a life for themselves and pursue the ever elusive ‘American Dream. ’ We live in the ghetto side of town and there is no easy way of telling how hard life is and the kind of things we are exposed to ranging from drugs, prostitution and so many other vices. For most kids on the block, school is really optional and very few ever make it past the eighth grade. The indifference of adults does not help much most of whom do not even care to ask how their children are doing or what they are up to. All they worry about is the payment of bills as they are due, everything else they leave to God and fate. It is against this background that I joined a local gang of six. Our activities ranged from carjacking, drug-peddling and robbing local convenience stores. My best friend, Curtis, was also a member of the gang and we have come a long way and through so much, he is like a blood brother. One day, Curtis and I were ordered to rob an African-American owned grocery store along the highway. When we go there, the proprietor’s wife was manning the counter while her husband was in the back. Curtis whipped out a weapon and ordered the lady to empty the till while I looked around for the police. Suddenly, I heard a gun shot and when I looked back Curtis lay in a pool of blood and the shotgun was aimed at me, I ran. When I got home, I could not believe what had just happened-that my best friend was probably dead and all for a few dollars. Then I heard the sirens and I knew they had come for me, I wondered how fast they had put the pieces together. I was whisked away to juvenile detention. No one from the gang ever came to see me not even making an appearance in court. Then it hit me that I had lost my best friend for nothing, courtesy of the choices we had made. We did not have to be members of any gang nor did we have to drop out of school. There is so much more to life. There and then I resolved to make something out of my life at least in memory of my dear friend. I first had to pay my debt to society then get back to school. Whatever the cost and however long it takes I vowed to change my life for the better and I did. I have come thus far and I thank God and the local youth support group for who I have become today, I would not even be here without their love, care and patience. Essay 4- Booker T. Washington. Born in 1856, Booker T. Washington was an African-American political leader, orator, author and educator. Washington’s philosophy was based on the principles of racial solidarity, forgiveness, accommodation and self help. He urged the African American community to accept prejudice for the time and concentrate their energies on lifting their standards through hard work and material prosperity. Washington believed in the cultivation of virtues like patience and enterprise among the black community. He believed that such virtues would earn Blacks some respect from the White community and ensure that they are fully integrated into the society as equal members. Undoubtedly, his philosophies put him on a collision course with notable leaders of the Black community especially W. EB. Dubois with whom they differed bitterly. (Bauerlein, 2004) Booker T. Washington’s philosophy can be summed up in the following quote, â€Å"With God’s help, I believe that I have completely rid myself of any ill feeling toward the Southern white man for any wrong that he may have inflicted upon my race. I am made to feel just as happy now when I am rendering service to Southern white men as when the service is rendered to a member of my own race. I pity from the bottom of my heart any Individual who is unfortunate as to get into the habit of holding race prejudice. † Washington’s philosophy may be applied in the Jena Six case that happened in Jena, Louisiana in 2006. The Jena Six were a group of six teenagers of African American origin who were convicted in the beating of Justin Barker, a white student at Jena High school. The case has often been cited as an illustration of racial injustice because many people believed they were charged with grave offences and had received unfair treatment. The convictions of the six resulted in an escalation of racial tensions in the community. Many Jena residents viewed the arrests and ensuing convictions as racially prejudiced and unwarranted. Protesters argued that white youths involved in other incidents were treated mildly by the authorities. Massive protests were witnessed not only in Jena but in other US cities as well as the case received nationwide attention. Booker T. Washington believed strongly that the African American community needed to address their safety and survival needs before seeking belonging, self esteem and self actualization within the community. In Jena, the Black community felt outnumbered and left out. This is illustrated by the emotional outpour that followed the arrests and convictions of the six teenagers. There were deep seated issues that had not been addressed and the Jena Six situation was actually the boiling point. The African-American community had been able to address their self esteem issues yet Essay 5- Marcus Garvey/Harlem Renaissance Vs W. E. B Dubois/Reconstruction Time. The Harlem Renaissance refers to a period between the 1920s and 30s which experienced the flowering of the intellectual life of the African-American community. Although the revolution was based mainly in Harlem, New York, its influence was felt across the world and more especially the in Paris, France where many French-speaking black writers from Africa and the Caribbean lived. Perhaps, the growth and span of the Harlem Renaissance can be attributed to the changes that had been experienced in the Black American community since the abolition of slavery and the advent of industrialization. World War 1 and the social and cultural changes in the US at the turn of the 20th Century. Many black intellectuals played significant roles in the growth and sustenance of the renaissance including James Weldon Johnson, Alain Locke, Walter White and Jessie Fauset among many other prominent Black intellectuals of the time. The Renaissance did not receive unanimous support from the black intellectual community. In fact it received harsh criticism from black intellectual giants of the time including W. E. B Du bois, William Stanley Braithwaite and Benjamin Brawley. These men did not believe in the nature of the Renaissance literature. (Wintz, 1988, p 130) Marcus Garvey, one of the most influential black leaders of the time had a strained relationship with the movement. Marcus came out as a critic of the renaissance. He is recorded as having hailed the Harlem Survey Graphic as being irrelevant to the Black cause. For instance he said of the Survey graphic that â€Å"it was not built around the needs of Negroes and their grievances but their contributions-around talents still half buried in the napkins of prejudices and underprivileged. † (Helbling, 1999, p60) The Harlem Renaissance declined in numbers and influence in the early 1930s. The dissipation was gradual rather than sudden. The movement failed to attract new recruits and thus there was no injection of new ideas and this led to the stagnation of the once vibrant society. New writers actually strived hard to build and maintain an identity separate from the Renaissance even as older writers were dying or cutting short their productivity. (Wintz, 1988, pg217) The term, Reconstruction, refers to the period that spread from the end of the 1865 American Civil War up till the withdrawal of the Union troops from the South in 1877. It was a defining era in American history and more in particular that of the African Americans because of the end of slavery as an institution. The war had also bequeathed the North and South a considerable amount of anger and mistrust. The African American community met the end of the civil War with hope, joy and anxiety. (Stroud and Schomp, 2007) For a long time, many historians and leaders had viewed the Reconstruction as a colossal failure in US history. They claimed that the leaders of the time especially in the South were corrupt, evil and incompetent. This view was however challenged by one of the most brilliant African American scholar and activist W. EB. Du Bois who portrayed Reconstruction as a brave and fine fight in his book Black Reconstruction in America. He argued that the Reconstruction was a step in the right direction in terms of building a democratic society up from the vestiges of slavery. He acknowledged the existence of the crooked politicians but he adds that the evil of corruption was widespread in the post- Civil War era in both the North and the South among members of both the Republican and Democratic parties. Du Bois goes ahead to support this era as being the time when significant strides were made in the economic and political standing of former slaves. His thoughts compelled many scholars to reshape their ideas on Reconstruction leading to a radically new analysis of one of the most controversial periods in the history of the United States. (Stroud and Schomp, 2007, p65) The Harlem Renaissance and the Reconstruction Era were defining moments in the history of the United States. While both periods received massive criticism they were turning points that brought a lot of change during those respective periods. Marcus Garvey and W, E. B Du Bois were critics of the Harlem Renaissance and did not see what it could contribute to the betterment of America. However, Du Bois comes out strongly to see the brighter side in the Reconstruction, a period that was tainted with a lot of controversy, twists and turns. We live the final judgment of these two eras to posterity. Essay 6- Nikki Giovanni/Black arts Vs Maya Angelou. Nikki Giovanni was born 66 years ago in Knoxville, Tennessee. Since 1987, she has taught writing and literature at Virginia Tech and she is a distinguished professor of English. Nikki is one of the most widely read American poets and she still is committed to the fight for equality and civil rights. Giovanni began writing poetry in the 1960s at a time when she was associated with the Black Arts Movement. Giovanni was one of the most influential figures of the Black Arts movement along with Sonia Sanchez, Jayne Cortez and Johari Amini among so many other leading lights. The Black Arts Movement emphasized the need for Black people to define the world in their own terms. The Black Arts Movement was intrinsically tied to the Black Power Movement in more ways than one. It was considered its aesthetic and spiritual sister and envisioned an art that directly spoke to the needs and aspirations of Black America. The credo of the Black Arts Movement was Art is the Arm of the Revolution. † It was also believed that all forms of Black Art were weapons whose sole reason for existence was to overthrow White oppression on all its forms. (Steele, 1998) Giovanni has always displayed profound interest in Black history and black identity. Much of her early poetry was inspired by the civil rights movement and the black power movement. This influence is seen in her first works including Black Feeling, Black Talk and Black Judgment. The themes covered in these books are homogenous but their form, tone and style vary. The poems in these two collections touch upon political events of the time including Martin Luther King Jr’s assassination alongside those of Malcolm X and President J. F. Kennedy. (Bloom, 1995) Nikki Giovanni has been described both as an evolutionary and a revolutionary poet. She is also known to speak her mind on prevailing issues that she holds dear ever since her days at the Black Arts Movement. In a magazine article, she points out that the old virus of racism was still rampant in the American society. She goes on to acknowledge the Million Man March where thousands of Black men came together to seek love, oneness, atonement and support from one another. (Giovanni, 1996) Maya Angelou is not much different from Giovanni. Maya is a renown autobiographer and a poet. She has also been very active in the Civil Rights Movement. She has also taught at Wake Forest University in North Carolina. Maya is a recognized and highly respected spokesperson for African American people and women. Her books have traditionally been centered on the themes of identity, racism and family. Maya Angelou was born in 1928 in St Louis, Missouri and she has documented most of her life in her bestselling autobiography, I know why the Caged Bird Sings. Maya has always had a gift of bringing people together and she believes that people are more alike than they are different; Maya also believes that poetry can inspire a whole nation and its strength for the spirit. Her works were inspired from an early age by African American writers like W. E. B. Du Bois, Langston Hughes and also renown European playwright William Shakespeare. Maya Angelou is no stranger to suffering and despair. Her parents had a divorce when she was still a kid forcing them to go live with their grandmother in Stamps. When they moved to Stamps with her brother Bailey, racism was the order of the day and the Blacks were expected to live on a separate side of town. Maya was sexually abused as a child and she had to go through a trial that led to the conviction of Mr. Freeman. (Kite, 2006) Perhaps the differences between these two great women is the fact that there politics are far apart. Where Nikki chooses themes that are sometimes militant and takes strong political stands, Maya is more conciliatory and uses her gift to bring people together. Maybe this is because of the differences in the influences of their formative years. Giovanni was an active member of the Black Arts Movement which was seen to be radical in their approach to solving the issues affecting the African-American community. It is not lost to the eye that both women are exceptionally talented and they have used their unique gifts to bring change to the American society and for that we owe them loads of gratitude. Both women are can actually be described as American living legends. References Bauerlein, M. (2004). Washington, Du Bois and the Black Future. Wilson Quarterly Bloom, H. (1995) Contemporary Black American Poets and Dramatists. Chelsea House, New York, NY Blassingame, J. (1979) The Frederick Douglass papers. New Haven, Conn. : Yale University Press, 1979–. Giovanni, N. (1996) A Million Reasons to Hope. Black Collegian, Vol. 26(3) Helbling, (1999). The Harlem Renaissance: The One and the Many. Greenwood Press. Westport, CT. Kite, L. P (2006) Maya Angelou A Biography Learner Publications Co. Minneapolis, Minnesota Steele, V. (1998) Tom Feelings: A Black Arts Movement. African American Review. Vol 32(1) White, W. F. (2009) The Little Red Hen and other stories. Project Gutenberg, 1914. Stroud, B and Schomp, V. (2007) the Reconstruction Era. Marshall Cavendish. Tarrytown, NY. Wintz, Cary. (1988) the Black Culture and the Harlem Renaissance. Rice University Press. Houston, Tx How to cite African American Studies, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

EFFECT O N CONT THEATER Essay Example For Students

EFFECT O N CONT THEATER Essay William Shakespeares Effect on Contemporary Theater William Shakespeare and all of his works greatly contributed to contemporary theater in many ways. His understanding of other people allowed him to fully grasp the quality he wrote of. The works of Shakespeare contain a strong and constant truth, touching emotional and supernatural aspects of life. These realities make Shakespeares works vital, even on toadys learning institutions and theatrical realms, accounting for his enormous success. Shakespeare was born in the Holy Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire on April 23rd, 1564. Though his family fell into hard times financially, young Williams education was not neglected. He attended local schools in Stratford. Shakespeare viewed annual plays and travelling artists at a young age. It is possible that these plays and performances ignited a spark that continued to burn. During the winter of 1582, at the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway who was 26 and already six months pregnant by him. Two years later Anne gave birth to twins, a boy and a girl. With a wife and three children to maintain, things were getting a bit difficult. Shakespeare moved to London in 1585, where he was very successful. In London Shakespeare worked as an actor and a writer and even owned his own playhouse. He was a very respected man there. He was the first playwright to have his formal biography written and published with his works. Between 1592 and 1594, all theaters were closed due to an outbreak of the plague. During this time Shakespeare turned to poetry, writing sonnets and long narrative poems, including Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece. When the theaters reopened in 1594, Shakespeare joined the newly formed Lord Chamberlains Men, under the patronage of Queen Elizabeth. Being an important part of the troupe, he eventually became an honored senior member. Writing plays soon became a demanding business. Shakespeare wrote thirty-seven plays, which were separated into three basic categories, comedy, tragedy, and history. Shakespeare retired t Stratford and became one of its leading citizens. In April of 1616, William Shakespeare at fifty-two years of age was laid to rest. Without William Shakespeare and his many great works, contemporary theater would not be anything like it is today. His verse, especially the power of his metaphors and his characters, so well rounded and carefully detailed that they often seem like living people. He was also a master of plot construction, notably episodic plot structure, which stands alongside climatic structure as one of the two main forms that have been predominant throughout the history of western theater. With Shakespears vast influence on many different cultures, he tried and tested variations of grammar and word usage. He experimented so the stuffy English language would not be so common and boring. Shakespeare was to be a writer for all time, to be highly acclaimed. He deserves applause by all playwrights, past and present. His works are timeless and vary according to the interest of the reader, making him universal. In Shakespears own day and time, no one ever imagined what a huge success his works would beco me. No writer since William Shakespeare has ever been as well known. No other writer has evoked so many emendations, speculations, and commentaries than Shakespeare. William Shakespeare was indeed an Elizabethan who took advantage of his time and talents, in turn changing todays time and talents of contemporary theater.Bibliography:

Friday, November 29, 2019

Dawson Stahly Essays - Aesthetics, Philosophical Movements

Dawson Stahly Design History Reading Response 7: A Brave New World In A Brave New World Byrne and Witte explore how designers have developed in recent years concerning technological advancements, deconstructivism, and their influence on typography. They discuss how personal computers have caused grids to fall out of fashion and, "given designers the ability to create until a page seems correct to them." After discussing how technology has cause for the grid to no longer find use in modern design, we delve into how deconstruction came to be, what reasons it is used for, and why it is crucial for a designer to know the impact that deconstructing can have on historical context. One form of deconstruction consists of creating typography outside of its legible purpose and using it as a more illustrative element in your composition. Katherine McCoy's Poster For Cranbrook's Graduate Program in Design is an excellent exhibit of how graphic design's postmodern style takes identity in illegibility and designed objects taking charge, abandoning the order and s et processes modernism had set in place before postmodernism's arrival. The use of text in that image is near illegible so it forces readers eyes to interweave their focus between design and text, giving each equal attention. This strategy also helps to reinforce conceptual ideas of designs where text is needed without letting it fall between the cracks unnoticed. As we discussed in class postmodernism saw stages before personal computers became available, strategies such as photo type were used to manipulate text and develop it in ways that became less of strict text and to view it more as an illustrated design. The computer and strategies like photo type gave postmodernist faster and more advanced ways to stray from the pro-western modernist approach that they were reacting against. The postmodernist ideas of art's value being a social construct can be a cause of why pieces that seem to be so chaotic and disorganized are seen. The designers of that time are fleeing from the idea o f certain methods being the only way to do things and that art can have any sort of presentation and still have value independently. I view the postmodernist movement as a sort of mix between Dada and Modernism because of how they didn't quite go to the extreme of anti-art, but they certainly didn't want to be constrained by guidelines and rulebooks in their design work. This is how I think postmodernism has contributed to liberating art as having such an open lens to what art really is' in today's world, so many different mediums and works have been introduced from abstraction in sculpture to performance that would not have been seen as anything artistic had it not been for the distancing we see from modernism. Bibliography Byrne, Chuck; Witte, Martha. "A Brave New World" 245, 249, 251; 1990. Drucker, Johanna. "Graphic Design History: A Critical Guide." 187-193. New Jersey. Pearson, 2009. Willette, Jeanne. "Beginning Postmodernism: Forming the Theory" 25 October 2013. http://arthistoryunstuffed.com/beginning-postmodernism-theory/

Monday, November 25, 2019

How The Media Affects My Life Essays - Television Commercials

How The Media Affects My Life Essays - Television Commercials How The Media Affects My Life Donna Jirkovsky Professor Miller Media and Society Monday, September 25th 2000 How the Media Effects my Life One thousand six hundred and eighteen minutes. One thousand six hundred and eighteen was spent by me, on my computer, in three days. That seems to be a lot of time when you think about it, probably just about twenty seven hours. How could all that time be spent at as single machine like a PC. One of the best features of the PC is that you can use many different media forms at one time. I use my PC for communication with my boyfriend who goes to SUNY Albany, to check my email for letters of annoyance from my parents, and to provide me with entertainment. Sometime i also use it for work, but that doesnt happen to frequently. The best part about that though is that i can do all those things all at the same time. Usually i turn my PC on when i wake up and off when i go to bed. My computer saves me time and money and makes my life so much happier. As i conducted the data, I realized how much i actually did surf the web in one day, and how many advertisements i saw. The internet, which is the virtual playground of where i spend most of my time, is a swamp of never ending advertisements and hidden links. Every other thing that you click is hypertext disguised as something else so the site will get a hit. I had never really realized but the media today has endless possibilities for advancement because of the internet. Right now currently the biggest thing going on is the 27th Olympic Games in Sydney, Australia, which is being solely covered by NBC and their affiliates. Since the Olympic Games began, the regular NBC site has tripled their Web hits and their official Olympic site has almost maxed out on the systems

Thursday, November 21, 2019

International Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

International Financial Management - Essay Example Moreover, Wall-Mart also has projected plan to invest further 37% of its US $ 13.05 million and 38 percent of US $ 12.5 million of capital investment in the international market for the year 2013 and 2014 respectively. Significant portion of the above mentioned investment is aimed at adjustments and capturing e-commerce retail sales in US, Brazil and China (Wal-Mart, 2013). In light of the Wall-Marts decision to invest and since the conditions of the world are constantly changing; therefore, underlying report is aimed at exploring factors that affect the foreign direct investment in specific context to China. The report will provide comprehensive review of foreign direct investment arena of China that determines its attractiveness. Furthermore, assessment of the FDI scenario of China with reference to global financial crises and the current position will be highlighted. Finally the improvement recommendations will be made. IMPORTANCE OF INVESTMENT AVENUES ASSESSMENT Foreign Direct In vestment, in accordance with the definition of World Bank, is investment leading to ten percent stake ownership by an organization that is not domestic by origin. MNC’s have been making investments in foreign investments since past 200 years but these investments centrally constituted portfolio investments than green field business purpose, wholly owned subsidiaries or joint ventures (Vardar, 2011). Liberalization of economies led to the relaxation of paths for the foreign investors by removing barrier (Vardar, 2011). Factors that drive multinational corporations towards investment in international arena are concretely dependent on either the objective of growth of diversification. Though increasingly important driver of the country’s economies; FDI also benefits extensively to the investing companies in response to taking risks and costs in international markets. Companies usually undertake foreign investment decisions when export and licensing such as tariffs and quo tas etc are prone to increased costs and risks than benefits. Alike, Wall-Mart many other corporations such as Coca-Cola, Exxon Mobile, Tesco, Starbucks, Nokia etc all have invested their stakes in the foreign markets. Complimenting to growth and diversification, factors that influence international investment are highlighted as follows: Significant reduction in transportation cost is gained. Attractive markets may turn unprofitable on shipping or transporting of products in bulk from local market to long distance markets. Internationalization and FDI stake in market, according to internationalization strategy, gets attractive once the cost, difficulties and limited level of control in licensing mode restrains corporations from gaining actual benefits from international markets. Investment in international markets also forms an important dimension of strategic behavior of gaining dominant position in the international market. This factor adds significant value to the firm in compari son with competitors by gaining first mover’s advantage. Stages of the product’s life cycle where demand of the product increases to considerable extent in the international markets leads to firm’s investment in the international market. In most instances, the maturity stage of product’s life cycle leads to FDI in international market. Each country in the world offers some advantages that are not offered by many other markets or locations in the world. Other than market

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Personal Statement Example way of life is found to be intriguing and offers vast opportunities for a career path with potentials for personal and professional growth on a more holistic and multidisciplinary perspective. Natural science is more than a good choice. It is a dynamic and contemporarily relevant discipline that pervades various facets of human life. It is a broad based science education and will provide me with the theoretical foundation to be an instrumental contributor as a competent and qualified worker for future employers. I look forward to being a proactive citizen of the human race that is committed to protect, preserve and ensure sustainability of the natural resources of the environment. As one of my research findings revealed, natural science provides an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems. As I have been made aware, there are diverse disciplines within the Natural Science course that interested students can specialize in. I am actually interested in all disciplines as they are all interconnected and could provide the more holistic and comprehensive development of knowledge and abilities, if taken in its entirety. As a potential candidate for the position in future organizations that have core competencies and requirements for graduates from the Natural Science course, I have envisioned to begin as an environmental technician - gaining hands on field experience, leading to field supervisor or site foreman. I plan to utilize my quantitative and analytical abilities gained as an auditor; my communication and management skills gained as an accountant; and interpersonal skills gained as a floor coverer. Majoring in Bachelor of Science in Natural Science by August, 2011 would enable me to obtain a solid foundation and reinforced understanding of the diverse principles and potential relevant applications of environmental science in our contemporary times and in addressing environmental problems in the future. The

Monday, November 18, 2019

O2 trans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

O2 trans - Essay Example For such a reason, chemical engineering based on this models treats the circulatory system as a chemical process, with the heart as an ultimate pump and blood vessels acting as pipes. However, the body which is termed as a chemical plant in this perspective since it is accorded with both the output and input systems and allows us to use mathematical equation for modeling oxygen transport. On the other hand, it is of great value to know the term diffusion and convection and towards learning and calculation of the rate of oxygen transport within a human body. This convection is much more dominant in the larger blood vessel like arteries. Also, diffusion occurs more likely within dominant small blood vessel including veins and capillaries. The entire breathing system often begins begin from the nose towards lungs, before finally dissolving in the water lining composed of alveoli. Oxygen hence clings into the red blood cells as they bypass through the alveoli capillaries. The entire circulatory system is mainly responsible for the transport of substances throughout the body. It transports water, oxygen and nutrients to billions of the body cells as well as carrying away of wastes that includes carbon dioxide produced by the body during the entire excretion process. It one of the most amazing highway that revolves through an individual’s entire body while connecting all the available body cells. The heart, lungs, and blood vessels work together towards forming the circular segment of the entire circulatory system. The heart plays a distinct role of pumping blood and keeping of the blood flow throughout an individual’s body. Blood vessels assist in transportation of blood from the heart to all the destined places. Their main role is to the aspect of oxygen transportation from outside into the entire bloodstream, and the release of carbon dioxide from bloodstream into the ultimate

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Patient Billing Software System Information Technology Essay

Patient Billing Software System Information Technology Essay In todays world, the population in various countries is increasing speedily every year, the Medical Billing System has grown-up in importance. The reason for this is that there are far more individuals that have need of some variety of health care, regardless of whether it is physical or mental. In order to receive these services patients need to pay for the services rendered by the hospital. This task requires a billing system that can generate bills of services to patients. Medical professionals are facing problems regarding the billing issue. My project for BSc Computing is to develop a web based patient billing software that is of importance to a hospital. . PHP was selected as the language for implementation and PL/SQL server as the database. The patient information will be stored in the database. Any new patient information can be stored in the database via a patient information input screen. The screen will take as input all the details of the patient, the amount to be paid, etc. The system is designed with the intension of allowing for scalability, portability, and re-use. The design of the system is such that it would permit future integration with other systems like online insurance billing for a patient that has a medical insurance, or even a completely different application. This system is also expected to provide a maximum level of security and reliability. Aim This project is aimed at developing a patient billing software system that is of importance to a hospital. The patient billing system is a local software system. This system can be used to maintain the location and the bed number of each patient either in the ward or the Intensive Care Units (ICU). Information about the patient and the charges to be paid is also stored. OBJECTIVE Research objective To study the feasibility of implementing a practical billing system for a hospital mainly focusing on scalability issues. As the hospital is speedily getting bigger the system should be able support any future expansions such as dealing with patients with health insurance. To conduct series of interviews in order to understand the organisational structure and the existing infrastructure service in the hospital and its problems and develop an alternative scenario for the system. To understanding the advantages and disadvantages of the current infrastructure service and how does the new system will be a benefits to the hospital? To conduct research about how patients billing systems is used in other hospitals? To examine the necessary tools that will be needed for the implementation of the proposed system and also examine whether the proposed system will be compatible with the existing system within the budget. Eg: What type of programming language can be adopted? What type of database would be best suitable for the system? To conduct an interview with the hospital data entry operator and the account department in order to find out the difficulties they are facing when generating bills to their patients. Practical objective The system is developed using PHP as the front end and SQL Server / Oracle as the back end. The following steps will be helpful to start off the project. Study and be comfortable with technologies such as PHP, SQL server / Oracle, Apache and ODBC Connectivity. Decide on the number of wards and the number of beds in each ward. Make a database of all tables and fill some sample data in the tables which can prove helpful for running / testing of the project. Assign a hospital data entry operator who will enter all the patient details, make updating to the table entries via front-end screens as and when a patient is being admitted to the hospital, transferred from a general ward to the ICU and vice versa and discharged from the hospital. Since the real-time project needs to be tested in real-time, you can take hours as days for testing the system. However, the display will still be in days only. Create the front-page of the PBS system giving a brief description about the system and a login box Create the help-pages of the system in the form of QA. This will help you also when implementing the system. Create other sub-systems like screens for various functions (new patient entry, viewing existing patient details, transfer of a patient between ward and ICU, etc). Research about client side and server side programming languages HTML, XHTML, ASP.NET, JSP, PHP, ASP Research about web based data base applications like Oracle,Mysql Research about Unified Modelling Language, Activity diagram, Use case diagram, Class diagram, Sequence diagram, Collaboration diagram Rationale of the project: Outsource medical billing system service provider is doing great help in terms of rendering medical billing services that could be of help to the doctors in order to concentrate more on their patients. The idea of medical billing outsourcing initiated from the need to hire experts in order to perform a minor task related to the medical profession. However, the most concerned issues of hiring a third party to manage the medical billing services are because secrete information about the company can be leaked out by outsourcing employees, even to their competitor and also they do not provide good quality services as most of their staff have limited medical background and all these issues can cause serious damage to the medical practice and finance. However with the introduction of my proposed system, it will result in the overall improvement of the medical billing processes. Significance: The proposed project can have great significance on the finance of the hospital and also reduce the work load from the account department. This does not only limit on the users, but will also be of great help to my studies and my career as well, as it would give me exposure needed in order to develop my skill on PL/SQL, PHP, HTML and RDBMS. Overview: My proposed web based application is fully focused is being user friendly, simple, but highly accurate at the same time. My program consists of different stages (pages). These can be described as follows. The project will provide a web-based platform where the hospital data entry operator can Login to the system through the first page of the application Enter the ward number for the patient either in the general ward or the ICU. Settle all bills pending to be paid by a patient before the patients discharge. Keep a track of all beds occupied / free in both the ward and the ICU. View information of all patients details, their admit time and the amount to be paid. Update the table fields (patient details, the amount to be paid / any balance remaining, the ward number, the bed number, the registration number, case number, etc.) as soon as a new patient is being admitted into the hospital or being discharged from the hospital. REQUIREMENTS System requirement The system requirements gives more details and explain how the user requirements should be provided by the system and can be used as part of the contract for the implementation of the system and should therefore be a complete and consistent specification of the system.(Sommerville, 2007pg.130) Therefore, Due to the nature of the project, the system is web base application that interacts with the user (hospital data entry operator and the account department) on client side and all the processing will be carried out on the server side. Therefore, both the client and the Server side have to meet the following minimum requirements. Software User is going to open the web page of the company that will contain the actual application form and then they have to fill it to make an application for the services. Internet Explorer or any web browser. Internet Connection. Data Base -MySQL server/Oracle (Optional) Client-side and Server-side scripting technologies PHP, ASP.NET, AJAX, Visual basic 6.0 WAMP. Security SSL, Hardware PC with Hard disk space more than 1 GB free always for database. (Optional) Minimum memory of 1GB (Optional) Back up running. Literature View: New technology creates new opportunities for forward-thinking companies. Higher level of automation, high-speed communications and improved access to information can provide significant benefits to a modern business organisation (Paul Boucij, Andrew Greasley, Simon Hickie 2008). Computer technology has highly transformed peoples lives tremendously. This innovation changes the way of our thinking and the way we perform our day by day activities. Computer-based information systems are now used to carry out all functions and activities of an organisation. Nowadays, improved innovations are being put in place in other to help a modern business organisation to make more efficient and automate business processes. Nevertheless, Medical practices are not left out of this great change. In order to run a medical practice appropriately, medical billing has to be automated. Lets imagine that there is no appropriate medical billing in place. What will happen to the issue of billing in medical pra ctices? Of course, the traditional way of billing will be adopted. Traditional way is doing all the medical billing like sending invoices and generating patients bills manually. This system is good if the medical practice wants to stay small. However, the issue of medical billing is sensitive in hospital management as the hospitals cannot afford losses because of careless billing generated from traditional way of billing. According to Charles Darwin, the prominent scientist of nature, said, It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change (Case, 2006 pg 27) The fact about nature is also true in today medical practice that works in a fast changing environment. The most efficient and successful hospitals run their finances with modern medical billing software. There is an urgent need to have a good way of managing the billing issue in a medical practice and this issue can only be managed with the help of good billing software. A good billing software is expected to make sure that the billing calculation are done efficiently and accurately. In addition, it is expected to be available to the users on internet so that medical practitioners can be able to have full access to their billing system anywhere in the world. Therefore, a web based medical billing is required. A Web application is a software application that is deployed on the web. It allows users to accomplish a task like obtaining information about the outstanding bills of a patient or any of the many activities possible on the web (Susan, Melanie, Solomon, Benjamin, 2003). The user can view, manipulate and control the software application through a Web browser connected to a web server through a network such as World Wide Web. In 1989, CERN (the European Laboratory for Particle Physics in Switzerland) proposed the development of the World Wide Web in order to enable high-energy physicists across the world to collaborate through the easy provision and accessibility of information (Graham Curtis and David Cobham, 2002 pg 128). Another important aspect of web application is that there is a real-time update of generated content/data and they can be universally accessed via internet/web by the user. However, The effectiveness of any computerised system is dependent on the soundness of its design and this is particularly true for the database application. The importance of database system cannot be overlooked in medical billing system. For most business organisations, information held in databases can often be more valuable than tangible forms of asset, which are accounted for in monetary terms. To work most effectively for the organisation or company, data stored electronically must be properly managed and protected. (Domanski, peter, Philip, 2000). Thus, a consistence database must be in place in order to avoid inaccurate analyses of stored information, poor cash flow for the hospital and Patient dissatisfaction with the hospital. A web based billing software component comprises the Database Management system and the application program Methodologies: Different methodologies can be used for a project. However the appropriate one can increase the chances of better results. I have chosen to use the Unified Process approach and the reasons are; It concentrates on detailed documentation It minimises back tracking It maintains a full constant control on each stage of development We have a clear idea of all the problems during each stage thereby eliminating chance of bigger problems after coding I will get to learn useful tools do design Used case diagrams Enhancing my knowledge of class diagrams Strategic Issues Strategic issue can be explained as the organisation planning options in addressing crucial business issue, engaging in collaborative decision making. The strategic issue that the school of Technology and Management will benefit from the new system are; For the organisation Reduce the amount of paper usage e.g. assignment submission forms Reduce the amount of storage usage cost Reduce the number of manpower usage cost It will reduce the stress levels of the staff It save time for staffs For Student It eliminate assignment printing costs It reduce the long queues at the college e.g. during registration or at the registry. It saves time as well for the student Manpower requirements The project can be completed within 3 4 months if i work fulltime on it. Milestones and Timelines Number Milestone Name Milestone Description Timeline Week no. from the start of the project Remarks 1 Requirements Specification Complete specification of the system (with appropriate assumptions) including the framing of transfer policy of the patient between the ward / IBU, the payment / balance to be made by the patient etc constitutes this milestone. A document detailing the same should be written and a presentation on that be made. 2-3 Attempt should be made to add some more relevant functionality other than those that are listed in this document. 3 Database creation A database of atleast 25 entries of patients with some patients admitted in wards and the remaining in IBU should be entered. 5-7 It is important to finalize on the database at this stage itself so that development and testing can proceed with the actual database itself. 4 High-level and Detailed Design Listing down all possible scenarios (like new patient, transfer of a patient between general ward and IBU, some balance remaining to be paid at the time of discharge etc) and then coming up with flow-charts or pseudocode to handle the scenario. 7-9 The scenarios should map to the requirement specification (i.e., for each requirement that is specified, a corresponding scenario should be there). 5 Implementation of the front-end of the system Implementation of the main screen giving the login, screen that follows the login giving various options, screens for each of the options (shifting of patients, usage of beds). 10-12 During this milestone period, it would be a good idea for the team (or one person from the team) to start working on a test-plan for the entire system. This test-plan can be updated as and when new scenarios come to mind. 6 Integrating the front-end with the database The front-end developed in the earlier milestone will now be able to update the database when a patient discharges. In short, the system should be ready for integration testing. 12-13 7 Integration Testing The system should be thoroughly tested by running all the testcases written for the system (from milestone 5). 14-15 Another 2 weeks should be there to handle any issues found during testing of the system. After that, the final demo can be arranged. 8 Final Review Issues found during the previous milestone are fixed and the system is ready for the final review. 16-18 During the final review of the project, it should be checked that all the requirements specified during milestone number 1 are fulfilled (or appropriate reasons given for not fulfilling the same) Project: Internet based admission finder http://www.buzzle.com/articles/medical-billing-outsourcing.html

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Kant and Morality Essay -- the categorical imperative

Kant had a different ethical system which was based on reason. According to Kant reason was the fundamental authority in determining morality. All humans possess the ability to reason, and out of this ability comes two basic commands: the hypothetical imperative and the categorical imperative. In focusing on the categorical imperative, in this essay I will reveal the underlying relationship between reason and duty. The categorical imperative suggests that a course of action must be followed because of its rightness and necessity. The course of action taken can also be reasoned by its ability to be seen as a universal law. Universal laws have been deemed as unconditional commands that are binding to everyone at all times. Kant believed that individuals have a freedom to consciously obey the laws of the universe as they are revealed in accordance to our ability to reason. Kant goes a step further to suggest that our actions should be driven by a sense of duty that is dictated by reason. What does it mean to act out of duty? Kant says that this means that we should act out of respect for the moral law. The moral law can be directly related to the categorical imperative. How can we accomplish the task of acting out of duty? We must first recognize and have an understanding of what the moral law is, then a sense of duty should become the motive for our actions. Finally our actions should be compelled by doing what is morally right; which is considered doing what we can ...

Monday, November 11, 2019

Air India 5

2012 Flying Too Low: Air India 2009 & Beyond External Environment Analysis Group 10 Strategy analysis begins with an analysis of the forces that shape the competition in the industry in which a company is based. An important factor of the analysis is External environment analysis. The essential purpose of this analysis is to identify the opportunities and threats in the organization operating environment that will affect how it pursues its mission. Analysis the industry environment requires an assessment of the competitive structure of the company’s industry. It also requires analysis of the nature, stage, dynamics and history of the industry. Here, while analyzing the external environment of Air India according to the information presented in the case, we will concentrate on Porter Five Forces Model, PEST Analysis of the Air India, opportunity and threats to Air India. Finally, we will quantify all our analysis factors to come to a conclusion. Porter’s 5 forces model: Porter's five forces analysis is a framework for industry analysis and business strategy development formed by Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979. It draws upon industrial organization (IO) economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Attractiveness in this context refers to the overall industry profitability. An â€Å"unattractive† industry is one in which the combination of these five forces acts to drive down overall profitability. Three of Porter's five forces refer to competition from external sources. The remainders are internal threats. Porter referred to these forces as the micro environment, to contrast it with the more general term macro environment. They consist of those forces close to a company that affect its ability to serve its customers and make a profit. A clear example of this is the airline industry. As an industry, profitability is low and yet individual companies, by applying unique business models, have been able to make a return in excess of the industry average. We will see how these five factors are working for Air India. I. Rivalry among existing competitors: 1. Competition in domestic and international routes * On domestic front, private airlines like Jet Airways, Kingfisher Airlines * On international front, major competition was from companies like Singapore Airlines, Etihad Airlines, Qatar Airlines and new entrants like JA 2. Better performance by competitors 3. Rapid increase in market share of competitors 4. Poaching of employees by competitors II. Threat of new entrants: 1. Possibility of liberalization of Aviation Industry will weaken the entry barriers and thereby will lead to increase in number of new entrants 2. Business was very lucrative to attract new entrants 3. Consistent and rapid growth of demand for airlines offering scope for profitable business and low cost carriers 4. Examples GoAIR, IndigoAir, Paramount Airways, SpiceJet III. Threat from substitution: Road and rail services posing a major threat by offering cheaper, reliable, convenient services. Travel. In case of higher Air ticket fares, Air India could lose potential customers to Rival airlines and Indian Railways. The possibility of loss of market share to Indian railways further increases by the fact that over a period of time the rail ticket fares have marginally varied compared to significant variation in air ticket fares. IV. Bargaining power of suppliers: 1. Slow nature of aircraft sales, because the high value order placed by the industry can take several years to be delivered. 2. Labour unions are suppliers who have significant power. The performance and flexibility of the entire industry depends heavily on labour unions. 3. Aviation fuel is a commodity and its prices are decided by market forces and existing geopolitical factors such as OPEC. At times, oil producing nations at the behest of OPEC manipulate oil production target in order to keep the prices of crude to suit their profit intentions. High cost of fuel accounts for about 35% of the total cost and increasing cost is a threat to the company’s profits. 4. Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) is a major cost component for the Airlines in India. It is about 40% of the operating cost of the domestic carriers V. Bargaining power of buyers: The bargaining power of buyers refers to the amount of pressure customers can place on a business, thus, affecting its prices, volume and profit potential. Various airlines are competing for the same customer, which also results in strengthening the buyer power. Hence, the bargaining power of customers in the airline industry is very high since they are price sensitive and search for the best deals available. Customers are price sensitive. Many new players who are Low Cost Carriers attract these travelers by offering them low fares and those that are convenience oriented by providing them with frequent flights. While choosing which airline to fly with, customers enjoy switching costs through frequent flyer programs created by some airlines. PEST Analysis: PEST analysis stands for â€Å"Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis† and describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management. Some analysts added Legal and Environmental and rearranged the mnemonic to PESTLE. It is a part of the external analysis when conducting a strategic analysis and gives an overview of the different macro environmental factors that the company has to take into consideration. It is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. * Political factors are how and to what degree a government intervenes in the industry or firm. Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labour law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, government policies and political stability. Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate. These factors have major impacts on how businesses operate and make decisions. * Social factors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in social factors affect the demand for a company's products and how that company operates. * Technological factors include technological aspects such as R;D activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. They can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation. In case of Air India, the analysis of external environment is as follows: Having done the required analysis, now let us quantify the opportunity and threats. 1| Poor control over decision making| T| 2| Drop in oil prices*| O| 3| heavy control and interference of government| O| 4| worsening service image| T| 5| Labour union| T| 6| inclination of society towards low cost travel| T| | global recession| T| 8| significant air traffic growth over a period of time| O| 9| restriction on FDI in Indian aviation industry| O| 10| Mergers among competitors| T| 11| possibility of opening of aviation market and privatization| T| 12| interest burden of new aircraft orders| T| 13| company's image perceived as public carrier| T| 14| near monopoly among Indian players in international routes| O| 15| over capaci ty of industry| T| 16| poaching of pilots from competitors| T| 17| declining debt equity ratio| T| 18| changes in ground handling policy| T| 19| agency problem| T| Here ‘T’ indicates Threat and ‘O’ indicates Opportunity Assigning the weightage to the important factors, in the sense of their importance in analyzing external environment and using rating scale of 1 to 5 where 3 indicates average favorableness of the external environment, we get- As the quantified average of all the external environment factors is coming slightly below average, we conclude that, the current external environment is not favorable to Air India but, it can work on its decision making process and improvement of service image as an immediate measure.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Madeline Stickler November 17, 2015 PHP 1105 #628 Essays

Madeline Stickler November 17, 2015 PHP 1105 #628 Essays Madeline Stickler November 17, 2015 PHP 1105 #628 Texas Tech Paul L. Foster School of Medicine " The mission of the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Paul L. Foster School of Medicine is to provide an outstanding education and development opportunities for a diverse group of students, residents, faculty and staff; advance knowledge through innovation and research; and serve the needs of our socially and culturally diverse communities and regions " (Texas Tech,1). Texas Tech Paul L. Foster School of Medicine is located in El Paso, Texas, is the 9th medical school in Texas and was established only 8 years ago in 2007. The first four year class was anticipated to begin in August of 2009 and is currently generally ranked as the ninth top medical school in Texas. To be considered a successful applicant, students must have completed a Bachelor degree or its equivalent, ninety semester hours including all prerequisite courses required for admissi on at a university. The prerequisites for Paul L. Foster School of Medicine are as follows: 12 semester hours of Biology, 2 semester hours of Biology Lab, 3 semester hours of Biochemistry, 8 semester hours of General Chemistry and Lab, 8 semester hours of Organic Chemistry and Lab, 3 semester hours of Calculus or Statistics, and 6 semester hours of English. A grade average of C must have been achieved for these courses to count and of course, the MCAT is required for admission. Admission applications are processed through the Texas Medical and Dental Schools Application Service and will be reviewed for completeness and admission requirements such as MCAT scores, BCMP GPA, overall GPA, extracurricular activities, recommendations, personal statement, and determination for a career in medicine. Students who are selected based on their application will be invited to a full day of orientation for the medical school and interviews. The interviews are conducted from early August to January and every potential candidate must undergo an interview. The interview process includes evaluation of the students knowledge and passion of the health care field, personal characteristics, general problem solving skills, and will be mainly focused on the non-academic criteria. After completing the first interview process, an Admissions Committee will review the evaluations fro ever candidate and make the decision of admission and all decisions will are final. Based on the committees decision, the students will be ranked on the best qualified for the practice of medicine. Match results from TMDSAS will be announced in the beginning of February and those who are accepted will receive information the summer upon entering the medical school containing information on books needed, class schedules, housing, and contact information along with the standards that must be obtained in the Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, a physical, and a background check. The Paul L. Foster School of Medic ine admission guidelines stand for no discrimination of race, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, disability, or religion. No single factor will be used to admit or decline an applicant to this school, but the admissions office will examine each application for suitability and varied backgrounds. In the entering 2015 class, with a total of 3,695 applicants, the average GPA was 3.58 and the average MCAT score was 28.5. The acceptance rate for this years class was only 2.7%, as only 548 of the almost 4,000 applicants were granted interviews. The current enrollment at Paul L. Foster School of Medicine is 255, which is roughly 57% less than the average for all Medical Schools , producing roughly 100 students that matriculate. The current total expenses for a first year medical student is $38,503 and $51,503 for non residents, but the school offers many academic scholarships based on merit and success. The Paul L. Foster School of Medicine offers a dual degree program leading to a medical degree and a Masters in Public Health and gives students the opportunity to consider this track and minimize duplicated course content and reduce time and costs compared to earning independent degrees. Unlike a traditional medical school, which requires students to wait until their third year of studies before they are introduced to the clinical sciences, students at Paul L. Foster are immersed into the basic and clinical sciences in their first year.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Moschops Facts and Figures

Moschops Facts and Figures Name: Moschops (Greek for calf face); pronounced MOE-shops Habitat: Forests of South Africa Historical Period: Late Permian (255 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 16 feet long and one ton Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Thick skull; short tail; front legs longer than hind legs About Moschops Moschops is a case study in how evolution produces roughly the same forms to occupy the same ecological niches. Although it was a therapsid (mammal-like reptile) rather than a true dinosaur, Moschops was markedly similar to later ornithopods and hadrosaurs like Iguanodon and Maiasaura: thick-set, medium-sized, and built close to the ground, the better to browse on low-lying vegetation. In an important sense, though, Moschops was the less evolved reptile, since it had a classic, splay-footed reptilian posture and (if it was possible) an even tinier brain. (By the way, the family of mammal-like reptiles to which Moschops belong went on to spawn the earliest true mammals during the Triassic period. It may seem hard to believe, but Moschops was the star of a short-lived kids TV show back in 1983, though its unclear whether the producers knew that it technically wasnt a dinosaur. Granted, that wasnt the only scientific inaccuracy: for example, Moschops shared a cave with his best friend, an Allosaurus, and his grandfather was a Diplodocus. Perhaps it was a good thing that Moschops only lasted for 13 episodes before fading into pop-culture obscurity.

Monday, November 4, 2019

Elements of Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Elements of Poetry - Essay Example However, a closer reading demonstrates several similarities in the poems. Both the narrators are young boys who describe a small incident in their childhood. These little vignettes mirror the entire father-son relationship of the two pairs. Although the point of view, image and diction used in â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† and â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† depict contrasts in character, scene and mood, both poems are similar in highlighting the deep love which characterizes the father-son relationship. The point of view in the poems shows the contrasting characters of the fathers. Both â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† and â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† are narrated from the point of view of the little boys. The poems are seen through the lens of memory, when the narrators look back on childhood scenes from the perspective of adults. Although the poems are superficially plain to understand, there is a hidden complexity in the voice of the speakers. Roethke’s little boy portrays his father as a large man, living life to the full and exuding a joie-de-vivre which is captivating to a child. His father dances, romps with gay abandon and keeps time with the rhythm of the waltz by beating time on his son’s head. ... The reticence of the father results in the child â€Å"speaking indifferently to him† (Hayden, 9). However, the adult narrator is deeply aware of â€Å"the great hurt of the recollection† (Gallagher, 245) of his cruel indifference and the entire poem is suffused with the voice of regret. The image of the poems depicts completely different scenes. â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† is set in the kitchen and there is an impression of intimate warmth. The room is filled with family: the father, the mother and the child. The image is that of a home in which there is close interaction among the members. The picture of kitchen shelves stacked with pots and pans suggests the comfort of food. The image of the father carrying the little boy to bed conveys the impression that the child is accustomed to being put to sleep by the father – an expression of parental concern and time spent together. In contrast, the image of â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† is one of uncomp romising cold. The house appears to be empty; there is no sign of the mother. Even when the father â€Å"made banked fires blaze,† (Hayden, ---4/5), the cold persists as â€Å"The warmth of the fire does not penetrate the atmosphere† (Gallgher, 245). The all-pervasive cold is not only physical but also extends to the cold indifference of the little boy to his father. The diction used in â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† and â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† effectively portrays the mood of the poems. In â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz,† â€Å"the rollicking rhythms of the poem; the playfulness of a rime like dizzy and easy; the joyful suggestions of the words waltz, waltzing, and romped† (Fong, 78), all indicate a little boy’s joy in this play with his

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Wine Industry Association of WA Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wine Industry Association of WA - Lab Report Example Today Australia is having more than one thousand wineries and about twenty thousand wine-industry workers are living in the country.† 1 If someone thinks the wine as a romantic unchangeable institution, he can be forgiven, but it is not true. The wine has always been influencing the market.† 2 sustain the global reputation. The organization is having 9 main wine producing regions and few sub-regions. Western Australia produces merely 3 percent of the Australia’s wine but astonishingly nearly 30 percent of its premium quality wines are produced in this region.† 3 The education centers are the new concept to pull up the sales. The top management takes the decisions and the lower level staffs follow that. The board of the Directors includes the top management team like producer [category A], Vice president Grower, treasurer producer, producer [category B], distributer, general manager and some other top ranked officers. Second level staffs are basically marketing and even manager, sales manager, export manager. These are basically the internal structures of the organization. Some volunteers are there to do exhibitions and trade fare and to manage the wine education centers. of the whole nation are produced in the Western Australian wine industry. South Australian Wine industries are very much reputed for the high volume of wine they produce. However, few of the promising competitors are Wine makers federation of Australia, Wine Grape Growers Association, Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation and Grape & Wine Research & Development Corporation. Most of these competitors are having their own wine education centers. The macro-environment is the larger view of the environment in which the particular wine industry is performing their acts. PESTEL analysis is very much important to understand the socio-economic impact on the industry. Economic Factors: These factors are